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Amazon Neptune with SPARQL

Amazon Neptune is a high-performance graph analytics and serverless database for superior scalability and availability.

This example shows the QA chain that queries Resource Description Framework (RDF) data in an Amazon Neptune graph database using the SPARQL query language and returns a human-readable response.

SPARQL is a standard query language for RDF graphs.

This example uses a NeptuneRdfGraph class that connects with the Neptune database and loads its schema. The NeptuneSparqlQAChain is used to connect the graph and LLM to ask natural language questions.

This notebook demonstrates an example using organizational data.

Requirements for running this notebook:

  • Neptune 1.2.x cluster accessible from this notebook
  • Kernel with Python 3.9 or higher
  • For Bedrock access, ensure IAM role has this policy
{
        "Action": [
            "bedrock:ListFoundationModels",
            "bedrock:InvokeModel"
        ],
        "Resource": "*",
        "Effect": "Allow"
}
  • S3 bucket for staging sample data. The bucket should be in the same account/region as Neptune.

Setting up​

Seed the W3C organizational data​

Seed the W3C organizational data, W3C org ontology plus some instances.

You will need an S3 bucket in the same region and account. Set STAGE_BUCKETas the name of that bucket.

STAGE_BUCKET = "<bucket-name>"
%%bash  -s "$STAGE_BUCKET"

rm -rf data
mkdir -p data
cd data
echo getting org ontology and sample org instances
wget http://www.w3.org/ns/org.ttl 
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aws-samples/amazon-neptune-ontology-example-blog/main/data/example_org.ttl 

echo Copying org ttl to S3
aws s3 cp org.ttl s3://$1/org.ttl
aws s3 cp example_org.ttl s3://$1/example_org.ttl

Bulk-load the org ttl - both ontology and instances

%load -s s3://{STAGE_BUCKET} -f turtle --store-to loadres --run
%load_status {loadres['payload']['loadId']} --errors --details

Setup Chain​

!pip install --upgrade --quiet langchain langchain-community langchain-aws

** Restart kernel **

Prepare an example​

EXAMPLES = """

<question>
Find organizations.
</question>

<sparql>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> 
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> 
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#> 

select ?org ?orgName where {{
    ?org rdfs:label ?orgName .
}} 
</sparql>

<question>
Find sites of an organization
</question>

<sparql>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> 
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> 
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#> 

select ?org ?orgName ?siteName where {{
    ?org rdfs:label ?orgName .
    ?org org:hasSite/rdfs:label ?siteName . 
}} 
</sparql>

<question>
Find suborganizations of an organization
</question>

<sparql>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> 
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> 
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#> 

select ?org ?orgName ?subName where {{
    ?org rdfs:label ?orgName .
    ?org org:hasSubOrganization/rdfs:label ?subName  .
}} 
</sparql>

<question>
Find organizational units of an organization
</question>

<sparql>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> 
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> 
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#> 

select ?org ?orgName ?unitName where {{
    ?org rdfs:label ?orgName .
    ?org org:hasUnit/rdfs:label ?unitName . 
}} 
</sparql>

<question>
Find members of an organization. Also find their manager, or the member they report to.
</question>

<sparql>
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#> 
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> 

select * where {{
    ?person rdf:type foaf:Person .
    ?person  org:memberOf ?org .
    OPTIONAL {{ ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName . }}
    OPTIONAL {{ ?person foaf:family_name ?lastName . }}
    OPTIONAL {{ ?person  org:reportsTo ??manager }} .
}}
</sparql>


<question>
Find change events, such as mergers and acquisitions, of an organization
</question>

<sparql>
PREFIX org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#> 

select ?event ?prop ?obj where {{
    ?org rdfs:label ?orgName .
    ?event rdf:type org:ChangeEvent .
    ?event org:originalOrganization ?origOrg .
    ?event org:resultingOrganization ?resultingOrg .
}}
</sparql>

"""
import boto3
from langchain_aws import ChatBedrock
from langchain_community.chains.graph_qa.neptune_sparql import NeptuneSparqlQAChain
from langchain_community.graphs import NeptuneRdfGraph

host = "<your host>"
port = 8182  # change if different
region = "us-east-1"  # change if different
graph = NeptuneRdfGraph(host=host, port=port, use_iam_auth=True, region_name=region)

# Optionally change the schema
# elems = graph.get_schema_elements
# change elems ...
# graph.load_schema(elems)

MODEL_ID = "anthropic.claude-v2"
bedrock_client = boto3.client("bedrock-runtime")
llm = ChatBedrock(model_id=MODEL_ID, client=bedrock_client)

chain = NeptuneSparqlQAChain.from_llm(
    llm=llm,
    graph=graph,
    examples=EXAMPLES,
    verbose=True,
    top_K=10,
    return_intermediate_steps=True,
    return_direct=False,
)

Ask questions​

Depends on the data we ingested above

chain.invoke("""How many organizations are in the graph""")
chain.invoke("""Are there any mergers or acquisitions""")
chain.invoke("""Find organizations""")
chain.invoke("""Find sites of MegaSystems or MegaFinancial""")
chain.invoke("""Find a member who is manager of one or more members.""")
chain.invoke("""Find five members and who their manager is.""")
chain.invoke(
    """Find org units or suborganizations of The Mega Group. What are the sites of those units?"""
)

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